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Whole-language. Phonics. Student-centered. Teacher-centered. Holistic. Direct Instruction. These are just a few ideas in the long list of philosophies concerning how children learn. Though sifting through the many education philosophies can seem quite overwhelming, each of these philosophies basically fall under one of two categories: traditional or progressive.

Traditional education was the main philosophy of choice in America from the colonial period into the early twentieth century. In the traditional method of education, children learned facts and principles through repetition, memorization, and focused instruction from their teachers. However, the arrival of John Dewey and his progressive educational philosophies at the turn of the twentieth century eventually caused traditional education to fall out of favor with educators. With its focus on student-directed learning and other teaching methods, progressive education seemed new, exciting, and less threatening to child self-esteem.

The battle between traditional and progressive education has continued on into the present as both sides clash over the notion that more or less structure creates a better learning environment for children. Although much of the research seems to side with the traditional philosophy of education, many of those in control of modern education choose to believe differently. In light of these truths, the above sections will explain the intricate details of each side, while seeking to present the most effective education philosophy.